Polar Regions can be considered as indicators of the Earth health. However, today, they are seriously threatened by climate change. The effects of these changes are most noticeable and rapid in the Arctic than elsewhere. Global warming has a huge impact on the pack-ice development and extent, the glacier retreat and permafrost thawing. These phenomena have dramatic effects on the increase of vegetated surfaces and tundra, on animal survival and the entire Arctic ecosystem. The Inuit survival itself is highly threatened by climate and environmental changes. Room III of the Polar Museum is dedicated to the Polar environments (Arctic and Antarctica) and to the Italian Polar research in order to focus the attention on the key role played by those regions within the climate change context. Over the years from its foundation, the Polar Geographic Institute have promoted awareness campaigns on the environmental and social aspects of the Polar Regions. Zavatti, during his Polar expeditions had warned and reported the effects of the anthropogenic activities on the Artic environments and populations. Within the framework of 2007-208 International Polar Year (IPY), the Polar Geographic Institute participated with the project "Paper of the Arctic People" in cooperation with the CNR-Polarnet. It arranged two expeditions to the North-Pole regions: in 2005, in Siberia, among Nency People, and in 2007 to the Svalbard Islands to study the effects of the global change. A large life-sized polar bear fur overlook Room III. The fur (dimensions 3.2  2.8 m) was achieved by the Association Friends of the Polar Museum. In Room III, two cases are also presents, preserving several Arctic and Antarctic animal relics and geological evidences. We can find narwhal teeth, skulls of beluga, wolverine, Eskimo dog, Arctic fox, sperm whale tooth, and whalebones. Several seal and arctic fox leathers.